Describe what high fidelity patient simulators are good for, and what they are not good for: A patient simulator is not in any way a replacement for a real, live instructor. Like any teaching device, patient simulation is just a high powered form of chalk and black board. Instructors must fulfill their timeless task by knowing and answering the following two key questions: Who are your students? i.e. what level are they at when they enter your class What do you want them to learn? i.e. how do you want them changed by the class Present two examples of incorporating patient simulation into basic science teaching: MSI Physiology: numerous small group sessions MSII Pharmacology: single session delivered via distance education network Questions from Participants Describe high fidelity patient simulator features and capabilities? The mannequin patient presents a wide range of responses to computer-controlled scenarios: lung ventilation visibly detectable by chest movement along with gas exchange, eye lid open/closure, pupil dilation/contraction, palpable pulses, thumb twitch, tongue and airway swelling, and urination. In addition, the patient responds to student actions: drug and gas administration, chest tube placement, needle thoracentesis, pericardiocentesis and CPR. Every kind of signal that can be captured from a “real” patient can be displayed and analyzed on the Clinical Monitor. Semi-realistic lung and heart sounds are generated in synchrony with ventilation and perfusion actions. Patient Simulators typically have over two dozen predefined patients, each with unique underlying characteristics and cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic attributes. These patient profiles can be modified and new patients constructed to match the teaching objectives. The Patient Simulator can present a wide variety of medical problems and altered physiologic states including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic events, as well as difficult airway management and equipment setup and/or malfunction. The drug models include intravenous and inhaled anesthetics, neuromuscular blockers, cardiovascular agents, and a wide range of infusion pharmaceuticals. The automated drug recognition system provides for semi-realistic drug administration. Costs of Patient Simulators, and the facilities they require? During the first four years in operation, the USU Patient Simulation Laboratory spent less than $20,000 while acquiring about 25 times a much in assets. Most expenses were covered by using other peoples’ money or collecting donated equipment. In the past two years, we spent $300,000 and acquired another $200,000 in donated equipment. Since the patient is plastic, most of the clinical items used in a patient simulation facility can be from a hospital’s pool of items that no longer pass actual human use requirements. Approach the purchase of a patient simulator and the construction of a patient simulation facility like you would approach the purchase and use of a vehicle for a taxi service: Initial device cost: $35,000 to $185,000, depending upon required teaching capabilities Simulator Operator (the Taxi Driver) Simulator Mechanic (the Taxi Mechanic) Clinical Simulation Space, Simulation Control Space, and Simulation Briefing Space Clinical instruments and devices (since many are props, make use of discards) Clinical Instructor’s time to learn to make use of the device Disruption to existing curriculum to make room for simulation based classes Some sources of information and users groups? http://simcenter.duhs.duke.edu/medical_siml.html http://www.simulation-users.fsnet.co.uk/ Some commercial vendors of Patient Simulators? Gaumard http://www.gaumard.com/ MPL-Laerdal http://www.medicalplastics.com/ Medical Education Technologies, Inc http://www.meti.com/ Simulaids http://www.simulaids.com/ **** **** ****
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